Myanmar Literature Talk ( Singapore ) - past and for the Future of Burma

Please click on the following link to listen.

For information the below text is the research work of Lian H. Sakhong.
Analysis paper No 1. (Burma Centre for Enthics Studies)

These information complied for reference so that the context of the talk and the relevant document can be correlated and analyzed for future development for the better changes.
Ethnics Issues in Burma:PART ONE - THE FOURTH BURMAN EMPIRE
{This author's note. Based on the very recent archaeological findings Burman, Chin, Kachin ,Mon, and  Siam can be concluded the descendants of the same parent stock of Pyu or Pru or Tritsu , Saka, Kiratas and Kambojas as early as Tagaung of Abhiraj or even slightly earlier.}

The followings are our comments.

     1)      First Burman Empire: Although it was monarchy and the Kings and slave relationship prevail, because of them the identity as Burman and Burma established in the world.

     2)      Fourth Burman Empire. It is doubtful that there was an agreement between U Nu and all ethnic races that they will not pursue for separation from Union of Burma. If that is the case why the military coup is needed or why U Nu had to pass the reign to Gen Ne Win? This requires further research and corroboration to conclude.

      3)     Now if there is an agreement that all ethnic races will not ask for total separation, the peace process has already crossed major hurdle. It is the big milestone! It is also require further research. It cannot be concluded by now.

2.a) This is the statement and opinions of the Sao Noan Oo appeared in Shan Herdle and needs further analysis and corroboration.
Great Loss Burma's Great Loss 
2.b) The below statement is extract from Nel Adams which we do not agree with her.
 "The origin of the name Shan is not very clear, but has been discussed by many scholars. One of the hypotheses concerning the origin of the name Shan is that Shan, Siam and Assam had been derived from the word "Sian" (Hsian, Sein), which designates a group of mountainous people who migrated down for Yunnan in the 6th. century AD. Another says that the Shan people were named after the "Mighty Shan", the Great Mountain Ranges of China from where they had migrated. A third hypothesis suggests that Shan is a corrupt word of Syam, a name given to Kshatriya (warriors) on duty of the Khmer empire in the early period of the Tai history. In fact, all peoples of Mon-Khmer language family call the Tai "Shan", "Shen", "Sham", or "Syam". However, all hypotheses lead to the names Shan and Tai as being one and the same race. {Source:The Tai Of The Shan State by  Nel Adams in Global Shan } Based on her statement we get to know that there is still intention to pursue seperation from Union of Burma.
2.c) The following is our opinion as it is mentioned in Kambojasocietydotcom.
{Cambodia or Kambodia is the English transliteration of the French name Kambodge, which name stands for Sanskrit Kamboja ( Persian Kambujiya or Kambaujiya). In Chinese historical accounts, the land was known as Chenla. The ancient inscriptions of Cambodia always refer to this name as Kambuja or Kamvuja rather than the standard Kamboja. ^[1] Kamboja was the name of the Indo-Iranian tribe and their country originally located in Pamirs and Badakshan in Central Asia but later some clans of this people had moved south and transplanted colonies in eastern and Central Afghanistan also. During early second century BCE, some clans of this people in alliance with the Sakas, Pahlavas, and Yavanas had entered India and spread into Sindhu, Sauvira, Punjab, Rajasthan and Saurashtra/Gujarat from where they spread further into Central, Eastern and Southern India. It is believed that a group from amongst these south-western Kambojas ( i.e. Gujarat/Saurashtra) had sailed to Southeast Asia and founded the Kambuja colony in Mekong valley of Indo-China Archipelago.{Refer Kambojasocietydotcom}} Actually this race include    Siam (သွ်မ္း) or  Kamboja  (ကမ္ေဘာဇ) of Burma.{This author's note.We will provide a topic dedicated for  "Siam (သွ်မ္း) or  Kamboja  (ကမ္ေဘာဇ) of Burma", soon}
2.d) After 1948 Independence gained, a Karen national Smith Dunn was appointed Commander in Chief of Burma Armed Forces by U Nu’s cabinet. The reader may find about him on internet, just type Gen Smith Dunn of Burma. But the Karen leaders were not satisfied with it. They demanded; jointly with Mon State Party; U Nu’s government a separate land for Karen and Mon, from Pegu downward include some parts Irrawaddy delta and Mon State, literally all lower part of Burma.(may be about 30% of total area of Burma).

In 1949 Karen rebels fought the central union government. This unwise action forced the then Commander –in –chief Smith Dunn to resign. Smith Dunn was a Karen national. Then U Nu appointed Gen Ne Win to take over him and Gen Ne Win became Commander-in-chief of Burmese Armed Forces. He (Gen Ne Win) had tasks to fight the Karens who were already advance up to Insein, about 8 to 10 miles from central Rangoon.Then the Union Government was called as Rangoon Government.It was Gen Ne Win who led the Army (tat-ma-daw) to drive out the Karen Rebels and saved the people and Union of Burma. It is unfair to single out a person and put all the blame on him.

The coup was also unavoidable due to some circumstances. It can be corroborated by Soe Myat Nwe's work as below.
On the second of March 1962 General. Ne Win stages a coup d’etat before a federal Nationalities’ Seminar in Rangoon, supported by U Nu, came to any conclusion of revisiting the Constitution in favour of federalism and a feared secession of the Shan State. The Shan Leaders, Sao Shwe Theik was arrested, together with many other political leaders, and the old federal Constitution abolished. It is hard to say if the military coup was avoidable. The new democracy had proven unable to provide peace, stability and development. Not all was due to internal factors; proxy armies defending external ideological interests, interference and outright interventions were an essential part of the destabilization. The Burmese
scholar Thant Myint U, grandson of the former Burmese Secretary General of the UN and himself educated in Harvard and Cambridge University, noted that: “There were the repeated foreign interventions-by the Americans, the Thais, and the Chinese Nationalists, by the Soviets and the Chinese Communists-all adding fuel to the fire, making impossible any local solution to Burma’s civil war.” (U, Thant Myint , 2006, p. 289) The military build-up and the broad popularity of the Tatmadaw (Burmese
Army) received in bringing back stability and peace as a ‘care-taker’ for the democratically elected but incapable government, gave the army a strong voice as ‘defender of the Nation’. Even later dissidents were initially won over by a military solution. Venerable Rewata Dhamma, secretary of the International Burmese Buddhist Sangha Organization, quoted by author Martin Smith, observed: “Many people supported Ne Win when he first seized power. Many were fed up with U Nu and the way he had played around with issues like the ethnic minority question. They liked the idea of a strong ruler who promised change and who could solve all their problems. It was rather like Hitler in Germany. The trouble with Ne Win is that, whatever his intentions, power (it was never money) corrupted him. What started with popular support became a disaster over time. {Soe Myat Nwe (2008:pp 16) "Peace for Burma  and Rethinking the Roots of its Conflicts"}
Also see as Soe Myat Nwe inform as
"In their article “Missionaries among the Hill Tribes of Burma”, authors Mi Mi Khaing and Charles S. Brant put it this way as follows: “The missionary effect among the Karens fostered the ideal of Karen nationality and taught this people to feel group pride and dignity... It assured them that under the then prevailing British law they had equal rights with other peoples. But the sequel was that there arose a
group of sectarian Karen zealots who eventually, in 1948, led many of their people into futile armed rebellion against the newly independent government rather than compromise what was, on any showing, a ridiculously exorbitant and unworkable set of demands for a Karen State.”{Soe Myat Nwe (2008:pp 23) "Peace for Burma  and Rethinking the Roots of its Conflicts"}. These are history.

Refer her work below for full information.

Peace of Burma and Rethinking the Roots of Its Conflicts.

See the following to understand the situation Burma during Nu's Parliamentary Government era.
U Nu of Burma

Refer also what U Kyaw Nyein wrote (Contributed) in The Atlantic , which appear on Feb 1, 1958.
Burma, An Introduction

2.e) Referring to “LEGAL ISSUES ON BURMA JOURNAL No. 5, APRIL 2000 
BURMA LAWYERS' COUNCIL ;   PART ONE - THE FOURTH BURMAN EMPIRE by Aung Htoo.”and regarding the following words and phrase we would comment as below. စကားတလုံး (a word) စကားလုံးစု (phrase) ကုိေသခ်ာစြာ ေလ့လာရေပမည္။ထုိ စကားတလုံး၊စကားလုံးစု တစု တုိ့ကေန ဝါးစည္းေျပသလုိ ျပည္ေထာင္စုႀကီး တခုလုံး ျပိဳကဲြသြားနုိင္တာကုိ သတိျပဳပါ။ It is agreeable to say “ethnic races, ethnic tribal people” but not agreeable to “ethnic nationalities”. Please take note that the states or Desa (now တုိင္းေဒသ) such as Rakhine, Chin, Kachin, Karen, Kayah ,Mon and etc were existed and are existing. But these are not the nations. Only Burma or Brahma was a nation since two thousand over years ago and still existing till present day.

2.f)The following is what Mary P. Callahan put it , in her work in “Gangsters, Democracy, and the State in Southeast Asia” [Update on 1st March 2014. by this author]

    “{The impetus for these developments can be traced to the presence of a foreign invader, the Kuomintang (KMT), on Burmese soil from 1950 onward. No longer fighting only small bands of anti-government guerrillas (many of whom were their former comrades-at-rams during the resistance), the armed forces were faced with not only a US-backed foreign intruder in the KMT, but also the threat that the People’s Republic of China might enter Burma in pursuit of the KMT. Internal army debates over whether to maintain the army as highly mobile, decentralized guerrilla force or as a more centralized, standing army were resolved with finality in favor of centralization when the army came up against the US-backed KMT.

   The implications of this structural reorganization and consolidation within the army were two-fold. First, the reorganization of the army provided a handful of well-placed Socialist majors and colonels in the War Office with the opportunity to weed out those officers who had had some sort of ties to the British,  removing them from all important positions, and replace them with officers with more acceptable nationalist or Socialist credentials—i.e., participants or followers of participants in student politics in the late 1930s and in the underground resistance against both the British before 1942 and against the Japanese after 1942. Starting with the Kandy Conference (in which British and Burmese leaders sketched out the future of the army in Burma) in September 1945, these more politicized officers had distrusted their counterparts who either had served in the British Burma Army before 1942, had fled with the British to India when the Japanese arrived in Burma, had been trained by the British. After the war, when the British appointed Karen officers, Gen. Smith-Dun and Brig. Saw Kya Doe, to the top two army posts, Socialists both inside and outside the military reacted by planning and raising paramilitary organizations under Socialist control. The problem was in part alleviated when all the Karen officers including Smith-Dun and Saw Kya Doe were placed on “indefinite leave” and sent to “rest camps” after the outbreak of the Karen rebellion in January 1949; at this point, Gen. Ne Win was elevated to the Supreme Commander position and soon after also became Deputy Prime Minister, and Minister for Defense and Home Affairs. Karens who rejoined the army were institutionally isolated from this point forward.[27]

    However, the problem was not completely resolved, as a handful of conservative, pro-British officers continued to occupy key War Office positions and were perceived by the more politicized field commanders as blocking their efforts to defeat the insurgents, particularly the Karens.[28]. At the same time the British Services Mission refused to provide any further arms to the Burmese army to fight against British allies, the Karens. The tensions between the more political field commanders and the predominantly conservative War Office staff did not abate, and in late 1951 the Military Planning Staff (MPS) was inaugurated to provide a longer term solution to these problems Under Col. Aung Gyi and Col. Maung Maung, MPS not only oversaw the above-noted structural reforms and reorganization of the armed forces, but also in the course of making these reforms was able to eliminate systematically officers from the War Office whose political credentials and loyalty were suspect. The British Services Mission was also given notice in 1953, and closed up shop in 1954. Thus the War Office had been purged, and Socialist-leaning officers were at the helm.}”

{This author note: The above-mentioned is excerpt from Mary P. Callahan’s work. We just want to highlight the situation of post independent Burma and the roll of Burma Armed Forces (Tatmadaw). }

“Gangsters, Democracy, and the State in Southeast Asia” edited by Carl A. Trocki

Please also understand that the message here is clear to prevent sovereignty Burma to protect from becoming second Thailand. Remember Burma Army's tough effort driving out of foreign intruders. Now all peoples of Burma have responsibility to protect the integrity and sovereignty of Burma.
ျမန္မာ့ ေဝဟင္ကို ကာကြယ္ေနသည့္ တပ္မေတာ္(ေလ) အပိုင္း(၂)

We are for the change which is inevitable. However we want the systematic changes and control and manage the change force. It is not desirable for the short term solutions but rather these should be for long term peace and security. Thus far all parties should discuss and should be plural and inclusive for all ethnic races and minorities.
Commented by Min Nyo.



To be continued

The Impression of 1948 Independence Day

It is found on the internet website for information and reference for Burmese Researchers.
Please click on the link below.
 http://world-news-research.com/Rangoon1948.html

The below is an interesting notes from above.

"The monsoon of I947 had been particularly heavy in Rangoon. On a wet morning when Rance was working in Government House, an ADC burst in to say that there had been an armed attack. Within a few minutes it was confirmed that Aung San and five members of the council had been killed. Later Kyaw Nyein, the veteran independence fighter who had joined the delegation to London in January, when he was interviewed by the historian Robert Taylor in the 1970s, said that Attlee, had personally known about and approved of the plot against Aung San. It was an act of personal vengeance, Kyaw Nyein insisted. At the conference in London , Aung San had given Attlee his word that, in return for an immediate commitment to independence, Aung San would keep Burma in the Commonwealth. Aung San had broken his word and had thus called into question Attlee's 'personal role in history'. He had to die. But, he added, the nationalists had decided not to reveal their evidence because they feared it would delay independence. Kyaw Nyein,  home member and strong socialist, said that European business firms had been secretly financing Saw in the hope of promoting a non-socialist government that would leave their interests unaffected.Some credence was given to this because Mr Bingley of the British Council had apparently been in conversation with Saw about his attitude towards British firms. Whatever the truth, Rance understood that he had to move quickly to fill the gap left by Aung San. Luckily, one plausible candidate, Thakin Nu, had not been in the council chamber. The governor persuaded Nu to take on the job and he was rapidly sworn in as acting prime minister. Nu was about the only person acceptable to both the British and most of the nationalist parties. As a kind of Buddhist socialist he seemed moderate to the British compared with most AFPFL leaders and the communists. Yet the latter knew that his instinct was for fairly radical land reform and the nationalization of 'vested interests'. Nu gathered what remained of the nationalist leadership around him. He also recruited a young journalist and nationalist, U Thant, to act as his press adviser and personal confidant. More practical than Nu, Thant became a power behind the scenes in AFPFL politics over the next few years. Later he became a diplomat and ended his career as UN secretary general. (June Bingham, U Thant of Burma: the search for peace, London, 1966, pp. 164--6). "
By mid August the vacuum left by the assassinations had been partially filled. The immediate attempt to bring the communists into government had failed. What was thought to be an auspicious day was chosen and the governor was called away from the golf course to swear in Nu and his colleagues. Rance could not find the oath of office, but luckily Tin Tut, a member of the new cabinet, had memorized it. Giving up on the communists, Nu spent much of the next two months trying to assuage the Karens and other minority groups and to disarm the restive PVO bands. The task seemed all the more urgent as every day brought news of fresh massacres across northern India, where Hindus, Sikhs and Muslims were engaged in tit-for-tat killing. There was unfinished business to do with the British, too. The agreement at the start of the year between Aung San and Attlee had not tied up the loose ends of independence, especially on the financial side. The details were important especially because the communists were continuing to make political capital out of what they described as the 'rightist' AFPFL's compromise with the 'imperialists'. In September, therefore, Lord Listowel, secretary of state for Burma, visited Rangoon, while in October prime minister designate Nu flew to London for a final set of talks. Listowel's job was basically one of public relations. He took tea with Aung San's widow, Daw Khin Kyi, and her son and two-year-old daughter, Aung San Suu Kyi, and presented his condolences.
The following is another relevant work by  Tim Harper, Christopher Bayly.
Forgotten Wars:The End of Braintain's Asian Empire 

WAS BUDDHA A SCYTHIAN?

From Earth to Heaven--The Royal Animal-Shaped Weights of the Burmese Empire by Donald and Joan Gear:
The invasions of the Greeks, Sakas, Parthians and Kushans into the Bactria and north India regions between the 1st century BCE and 2nd century CE led to one of the most creative periods in the history of India’s art. Another important influence was that of the Romans from about the 1st century BCE to the 4th century CE.

In Ordos, bronzes with animal decoration continued until about the 5th or 6th century CE. This region is sometimes referred to as the last stand of animal art. At some time before the 2nd century BCE the Yueh-chieh [Yuezhi] in present day Kansu, not far from Ordos then at its peak of abundant production, must have contacted the Sakas of near Lake Balkash and acquired knowledge of its stag art, which, in modified form, could have been transmitted south through Szechwan to the semi-nomadic tribes of Yunnan. The Yueh-chieh subsequently drove out the Sakas (about 160 BCE) who then moved into northwest India, (Gandhara), while the Yueh-chieh became the Kushans at the west end of the Tarim basin.

The Saka retained some of their animal art but the Yueh-chieh abandoned theirs. The region from the Black Sea to Mongolia, including Central Asia, from before the 8th century BCE was occupied by nomadic steppe tribes many culturally and probably ethnically related to the East Iranians (i.e. they were Indo-Aryans). Many belonged to the Saka group. Those occupying the region north of the Black Sea were named Scythians by the 8th century BCE Greeks, those west of the Altai mountains were called Saka by the pre-6th century BCE Persians and those east of the mountains, for convenience today, are called Saka-Siberian. On the northwest borders of China and in the Tarim basin region before the 2nd century BCE were the Yueh-chieh, also probably an Indo-Aryan people related to the Sakas. They were driven along with the Sakas by the Hsiung-Nu, a Turki people. The Indo-Aryans of about 2000 BCE and the Saka group are the most important of the steppe nomads to this work.

Firstly, this is because the Indo-Aryan peoples of 2000 BCE brought to India in the Vedic religion basic concepts held by the steppe nomads which, together with Indian animism, led to Hinduism and Buddhism. Secondly, it is because tribes of, or related to the Saka group repeatedly invaded India from 2000 BCE onwards, so spreading their culture from the kingdoms and republics they established in India and thus leading to the flowering of stone architectural animal art in India from about the 2nd century BCE.

The Saka influence on animal art appears to have flowed round both sides of the Tibet plateau and converged on southeast Asia. This flow of art and people may have led to the foundation of the first Burmese kingdom, Tagaung. The Yueh-chieh were driven away from their homeland by the Hsiung-Nu about the 2nd century BCE; part of the tribe moved south towards Burma and part moved west to the northern marches of India, changing their name to Kushan as they did so. There, for about five centuries, they became a great influence on the development of Mahayanist Buddhism and overland trade from the Persian to the Chinese borders.
During their migration they drove a part of the Sakas before them and these settled in west India before temporarily extending their sway to the east of India south of the Kushans. The persistence of the word ‘Saka’ in various forms in India and Burma is noteworthy. Sakka is another name of Indra, the Indo-Aryan and Hindu god. Saka is the name of the group of tribes of which the Scythians were one. The Sakas, ‘people of the stag,’ are associated with the animal symbols of the chakravartin, (universal ‘wheel-turning’ sovereign). Gautama Buddha was the Sakyamuni, the sage of the Sakyas.

{source: Thaimangoes blog}

What is Nationalism?

Dear Brothers and Sisters!
According to latest archaeological findings by Prof: E Moore and her Burmese team has proved that the old Burmese saying "Bamar asa Tagaung ka" is correct. The ancient country which become modern Burma was founded by Sakyan or Saka or THET King Abhiraj.
Therefore, in this context,  we can conclude the great historian Dr Than Tun's the following remarks are wrong and we shall move on proven concept of "Bamar asa Tagaung ka". At his time Dr Than Tun could not find more evidence. However with advance technology such as remote sensing, recently Moore and the team have found ancient artifacts which confirm Tagaung is dated back from 500 to 1000BC. Therefore his (Dr Than Tun's) remarks are no longer valid and superseded.

 "ေဒါက္တာသန္းထြန္းက သူ႔ရဲ႕" အေစာဆံုးအကၡရာတင္ တိုင္းရင္းျမန္မာမွတ္တမ္းမ်ား" စာအုပ္မွာ ဆရာက " ၀မ္းနည္းစရာေကာင္းတဲ့ အခ်က္က ေရွးေဟာင္းသုေတသနက တူးေဖာ္လိုက္လို႕ အရင္က အမ်ားႀကီးႏွစ္သက္ခဲ့တဲ့ အျဖစ္အပ်က္တခ်ိဳ႕ဟာ မမွန္တာေတြ႔လို႔ စြန္႔ရတဲ့အျဖစ္ ေရာက္သြားပါတယ္။ ဥပမာ - တေကာင္းဟာ ဘုရားမပြင့္မီ ကာလၾကာျမင့္စြာကပဲ ရွိခဲ့တယ္လို႔ေက်ေက်နပ္နပ္ ေျပာေနခဲ့ရာက အခုတူးေဖာ္ၾကည့္တဲ့အခါ ခရစ္(၁၁) ရာစုႏွစ္ထက္ ေစာတဲ့ပစၥည္း ဘာတစ္ခုမွ် ထြက္မလာပါ။ ၿဂ့ီေကၺၾတဟာ ျမတ္စြာဘုရားပရိနိဗၺာန္စံၿပီး ႏွစ္တစ္ရာ (အရင္ ႏွစ္ေပါင္း၂၄၀၀)မွာ တည္ခဲ့တယ္ဆိုတဲ့ စကားနဲ႔တူးေဖာ္ေရးက (အရင္ႏွစ္၂၀၀၀ ထက္) မပိုဘူးလို႔ ျပေနၿပီ။ " လို႔ခိုင္မာတဲ့ သမိုင္းအေထာက္အထားေတြနဲ႔ ေခ်ဖ်က္ခဲ့ပါတယ္။

ဘုရင့္နာမည္ ၿမိဳ႕နာမည္ တိုင္းျပည္နာမည္ေတြကို (ေဒါက္တာသန္းထြန္းေလသံနဲ႔ေျပာရရင္ ) ကုလားလိုဘဲ ေပးတယ္။ ပုဂံကလည္း အရိမဒၵနပုရျဖစ္သလို မြန္ကလည္း သူ႔တိုင္းျပည္ကို သု၀ဏၰဘူမိလို႔ေပးတယ္။ ပ်ဴကလည္း သေရေခတၱရာလို႔ေပးတယ္။ ရခိုင္ကလည္း ဓည၀တီ၊ ေ၀သာလီစသည္ျဖင့္ ေပးတယ္။ ဘုရင္နာမည္ေတြလည္း ဒီအတိုင္းဘဲ။ ဥပမာ အနိရုဒၶက ပုဂံျပည့္ရွင္ ဘုရင္တစ္ပါးျဖစ္တယ္။ ဒီဘုရင္နာမည္က ကုလားနာမည္ျဖစ္တိုင္း ကုလားျဖစ္တယ္လို႔ ေျပာဖို႔ခက္တယ္။ျမန္မာေတြဟာ ကုလားပုဆိုးမ၀တ္ခင္က ေဘာင္းဘီ၀တ္တယ္။ 

{Source http://arakantimes.net/burmese/index.php/2013-03-09-12-24-10/277-2013-03-20-07-30-51}

ကၽႊန္ေတာ္တုိ့ ဘုိးေဘးေတြက မွာခဲ့သလုိ  ကၽႊန္ေတာ္တုိ့ဟာ  သာကီဝင္မင္း အဘိရာဇာက ဆင္းသက္လာတယ္ဆုိတာ ကုိ ယုံမလား။ အဲဒီလုိမဟုတ္ဘဲ

တခ်ိဳ.အင္ဂလိပ္ ကုိလုိနီအရာရွိေဟာင္းေတြနဲ. သူတုိ့အလုိက်ေရးတဲ့ ေျပာတဲ့ သမုိင္းဆရာေတြ အဆုိအရ နန္ေခ်ာင္ေရွ့ေျပး လူရုိင္းလူမုိက္ေတြက  ဆင္းသက္လာတယ ္ဆုိတာကုိ လက္ခံမလား။ စဥ္းစားဆင္ျခင္ လက္ခံႀကပါ။ 

ဇာတိမာန္ရွိရမယ္။

See below how Abhiraja (အဘိရာဇာ) and his Queen would have dressed up. It was the Sakyan Prince and Queen.

                                                {Picture Source :Courtesy of Google}
The style of hairdo is striking similar till Ava dyansty. See the following Ava Court Dance in which the girl's hairdo.

King Thibaw and Queen Su-phaya-latt.
From the British Magazine: The Graphic, 1886
The last king of Myanmar, was abducted  by the British in 1885.

                                {Source : Courtesy of Goole}

                   ဇာတိမာန္ရွိရမယ္။

                          Please be reminded to remember our Thakhin Ko Daw Hmaing.

                                               {Picture Source : Courtesy of Google}

အဖုိးသခင္ကုိယ္ေတာ္မႈိင္း

ကြမ္းအစ္တလုံး၊ ေရာင္တထုံးနွင့္၊

ရင္ဖုံးအင္က်ီ၊ ဖ်င္ပင္နီနွင့္၊

ေယာထည္ပဆုိး၊ မင္ေႀကာင္ထုိးနွင့္၊

အဖုိးကဝိ ၊ ပညာရွိ  ၊

ကဝိ၏ဥာဏ္ ရဲစြမ္းမွန္လည္း၊

ေတာ္လွန္ရာ၌  ထက္ခဲ့၏၊

ကဝိ၏ဓား နႈတ္စကားလည္း၊

ေထာင္ထားရာ၌  ထက္ခဲ့၏၊

ကဝိ၏ေသြး ကၽႊန္န့ံေဆး၍၊

အားေမြးရာ၌  ထက္ခဲ့၏၊

သူ့ကၽႊန္မခံ မ်ဳိးမာန္မခ်၊

မခသူ့ေအာက္ မေျမွာက္သူ့လက္၊

မငဲ့ကုိယ္က်ိဳး ဤအဖုိးက။

အမ်ိဳးနွင့္တူ ေအးတူပူမွ်၊

သူ့ဘဝကုိ သမေရာေမွြ ခဲ့ေလျပီ။

အဖုိးမေသ တုိ့ျပည္မေသ၊

တုိ့ျပည္မေသ ဖုိးမေသနုိင္၊

ဂေဟစဲြသုိ့ ျမဲျပီတည္း။

တင္မုိး။

{The following is from Soe Myat Nwe(2008) Pp:69} It is basically brief translation of the above mentioned poem.
Thakin Kodaw Hmaing, alias ‘A Man Who Hold a Pen for Peace and Freedom’
“Kaung Myo ahtweidwei yene’chunzei myazei saw, daung owei yelo tunzei kazei thaw
- May a myriad good things with vigour have a chance; may the peacock have its call
and dance”.
“To Thakin Kodaw Hmaing”
With his topknot
On his head
His jacket lopsided
Frogged over half his chest,
His cloth of unbleached
Cotton his yaw
Longyi of indigo
Blue pundit
Hmaing is a true
Wise man…
With his brain
And his guts he has
Risen up in Revolution!
(By Tin Moe)

 
The Nationalism is we own our land, we own our culture, we produce,wear, use and promote our national and cultural products, we love and play our musics, we watch and promote our cultural dances  and so on. These are very few which come across my mind. There are many more. But we would like to draw your attention to the exporting of Burmese Girls to work as House Maid. There are many ideas to give them jobs at home.
 Refer the following news in Irrawaddy.

Burmese Maids Prepare for Work in Hong Kong

Please also read what are the consequences of the maids in Hong Kong. Now a day both Philipino and Indonesian  girls/women do not prefer to work in Hong Kong.Please click on the following  to read.
Please search on google , type Maid in Hong Kong to get article from The World newspaper.
The following is short notes from it.
{ Lo Wan-tun, 44, a housewife, was arrested at Hong Kong airport on Monday as she was attempting to board a flight to Thailand. Four crime-squad officers were simultaneously dispatched from Hong Kong to Java to interview the alleged victim, 23-year-old Erwiana Sulistyaningsih, who was in hospital with multiple injuries, including swelling to the brain, according to Indonesian doctors.
These horrific before-and-after shots show the extent of the alleged torture, which is said to have involved repeated beatings to the head and body. Ms Sulistyaningsih’s legs were described as covered in cuts and burns.
Police did not investigate the case until it was reported earlier this month in the South China Morning Post, saying that the employment agency had not provided sufficient evidence about how the injuries were sustained. The case seems to support human rights advocates who say that authorities are slow to investigate cases of alleged abuse.
A report by Amnesty International into the situation of Indonesian domestic workers in Hong Kong suggests that there are systemic problems behind this extreme case. It found that:
♦ Recruitment and placement agencies in both Hong Kong and Indonesia are routinely involved in what Amnesty calls “trafficking” and “exploitation in conditions of forced labour”.
♦ Identity documents, including passports, are routinely confiscated and movement is sometimes restricted.
♦ Agents routinely charge higher-than-advertised recruitment fees. This traps domestic workers, who are often silent about their working conditions because they need to work in order to pay back debts.
♦ Widespread payment below the minimum wage and denial of the statutory day off.}


Maid mean domestic helper or domestic servant (အိမ္ေစ). If you want them to be master (သခင္) on their own right, you create jobs and businesses for them. How?
There are many ideas . We would advise one first. produce the national costume dresses to become symbol of Burma and modern global fashion. See the followings among some Burmese national and traditional dresses. 

                                  {Source : Courtesy of Google}
Please call back all the Chin, Kachin, Jingphaw ( who are in India, Malaysia or other countries) to immediately start the businesses out their traditional expertise in making traditional costumes.These are basically made of cotton which is the most preferred textile, fabric of the world population now a day. Then promote at home to wear and find market globally.
 To those who claim to be nationalist. If we send our young girls, daughters,nieces, sisters and etc to work as house maids abroad, can we ensure they do not become the wives of the people unacceptable to us, our culture, our principle. Are our girls,(daughters, sisters, nieces) the commodity for those greedy businessmen to sell? 
Dear U Wirathu!
Can you prevent it by stopping the exporting our girls as house maids?

To be continued

Destroying of Rain forest.

 Dear Brothers and sisters,
It is for your kind attention.
If you do not stop the following, very soon Burma will become desert.

Please click below and review to manage the economic changes/reform.
destroying of rain forest

Ancient harbour discovered in Trikonamalai -- BD Jude Mendis

 The latest news of archaeology. Please click the link below.

Ancient harbour discovered in Trikonamalai