ဒေါ်စု သမ္မတ ဖြစ်သင့် မဖြစ်သင့်

မူရင်းရေးသား တင်ပြ သူ ၏ အာဘော်သာ ဖြစ်ပါသည်။ From Myo Gyi's Fb ဒေါ်စု သမ္မတ ဖြစ်သင့် မဖြစ်သင့်ဆိုတဲ့ ပိုစ့်အောက်မှာ မဖြစ်သင့်ဘူးလို့ ရေးထားတဲ့သူတွေရဲ့ ကွန်မက်တော်တော်များများမှာ သူမဟာ ဗုဒ္ဓဘာသာကို စော်ကားလို့၊ ဘာသာခြားအရေးပေးလို့ စတဲ့ အကြောင်းအရာကို အခြေခံပြီး ပြောတာများတယ်။ ဒါဆို သူမဟာ တကယ်ဘဲ အဲလိုဖြစ်နေလား…. ??? တကယ်ဘဲ ဗုဒ္ဓဘာသာရဲ့ ရန်သူလား…. ကိုယ့်လူမျိုးကို အရေးမပေးဘူးတဲ့လား…. ဆိုတဲ့ မေးခွန်းတွေအတွက် တချက်စဉ်းစားကြည့်လိုက်ရအောင်ဗျာ…. ဒေါ်စုကို ဗုဒ္ဓဘာသာရဲ့ ရန်သူလို့ စွပ်စွဲတာ မသီတာထွေးကနေ အစပြုတဲ့ ရခိုင်အရေးအခင်းမှာ ဒေါ်စုရဲ့ ရပ်တည်ချက်ကို ရည်ညွှန်းပြောဆိုတယ်လို့ အကြမ်းအားဖြင့် သုံးသပ်ရပါတယ်။ ဟုတ်ပြီ…. အဲ့ဒီအချိန်ကာလကို တစ်ချက် ကြည့်ရအောင်။ ထိုအချိန်က ဘင်္ဂလီလူမျိုးတွေနဲ့ ရခိုင်နဲ့ ပြသနာဖြစ်ပွားချိန်၊ အိမ်တွေ မီးရှို့ လူတွေသတ်နဲ့ ထိန်းမနိုင် သိမ်းမရဖြစ်ချိန်၊ ပြည်သူတွေက ဒီပြသနာအပေါ် ဒေါသထွက်ပြီး ရန်မီး အစပျိုးတော့မယ့်အချိန်၊ မသမာသူတစ်စုရဲ့ ဘာသာရေးအဓိကရုဏ်းဖြစ်အောင် လမ်းကြောင်းလွဲ လှုံဆော်နေချိန်၊ သမ္မတလုပ်သူ ဦးသိန်းစိန်က သတင်းထုတ်ပြန်မှု၊ ပြည်သူလူထုကို မစိုးရိမ်ရန် ပြောဆို နှစ်သိမ့်မှု လုံးဝ မလုပ်ဘဲ ပစ်ထားချိန်.. အဲ့လို အချိန်မှာ အဲဒီအတိုင်းဘဲ ရှေ့ဆက်သွားရင် ရခိုင်မီးစဟာ တတိုင်းပြည်လုံးပျံ့နှံ့ပြီး စစ်ဘေး ကပ်ဘေး ကျရောက်လာမှာ မြေကြီးလက်ခတ်မလွဲပါဘဲ။ အဲ့ဒီအချိန်ကျရင် နောက်ကြောင်းပြန်လှည့်ချင်သူ တစ်စုက တိုင်းပြည်မငြိမ်မသက်ဖြစ်လို့ မလွဲမရှောင်သာ စစ်အာဏာပြန်သိမ်းလိုက်ရပါတယ်ဆိုပြီး ဖြစ်လာမယ်။ အဲ့လိုမျိုးဆို ခင်ဗျားတို့ ကျွန်တော်တို့ ခုချိန်မှာ ဒီမိုကရေစီဆိုတဲ့ အရသာ လုံးလုံးခံစားရမှာမဟုတ်ဘဲ အရင်လို အာဏာရှင်လက်အောက်မှာဘဲ ပေးတာယူ ကျွေးတာစားဘဝနဲ့ နေနေရမှာ မလွဲပါဘူး။ ဒါတွေကို ကြိုမြင်တဲ့ ဒေါ်စုက ပြသနာပိုမကြီးလာခင်မှာ မဖြစ်ဖြစ်တဲ့နည်းနဲ့ ဝင်တားဖို့ သူလုပ်ရတော့မယ်။ ဒီကိစ္စနဲ့ ပတ်သတ်ပြီး သူမ ဘယ်လိုလုပ်သွားလဲ ကြည့်ကြပါ။ ရန်ကုန်မှာရှိတဲ့ မွတ်ဆလင်တွေဖက်ကို သွားနှစ်သိမ့်တယ်၊ လူနည်းစုကို လူများစုက အနိုင်မကျင့်ရဘူးလို့ ပြောသွားတယ်။ အဲ့လို ပြောအပြီးမှာ ဘာဖြစ်သွားလဲ…. ဒေါ်စုကို ထောက်ခံတဲ့ သူတွေထဲက ဒေါ်စု ဘာဖြစ်လို့ တခြားဖက်ပါရတာလဲ၊ ဒေါ်စုကို ငါတို့ဖက်က ထင်ထားတာ ခုဘယ်လိုဖြစ်တာလဲဆိုပြီး တွေဝေကုန်တယ်။ တချိန်လုံး ချမယ် ဆော်မယ် တကဲကဲဖြစ်နေတဲ့သူတွေ ဒေါ်စုစကားအပြီးမှာ ဒီဖြစ်စဉ်ကို ပြန်စဉ်းစားသုံးသပ်လာကြတယ်။ ဒီလိုနည်းနဲ့ ဒေါ်စုဟာ ပြည်သူတွေရဲ့ အမျက်ဒေါသကို လူမျိုးရေး အဓိကရုန်းဆီ ဦးမတည်စေဘဲ သူ့အပေါ်ဘဲကျရောက်ပါစေတော့ဆိုပြီး လမ်းလွဲလိုက်တာဘဲ ဖြစ်တယ်။ ဂျောက်ထဲ ကျဖို့ လိမ့်နေတဲ့ကားကို ရှေ့ကနေ ဝင်ခံလိုက်တဲ့ သဘောပေါ့။ ဒေါ်စု မွတ်ဆလင်တွေကို သွားနှစ်သိမ့်တာတွေ၊ လူနည်းစုကို လူများစုက အနိုင်မကျင့်ရဘူးလို့ ပြောသွားတာတွေဟာ ဘာအဓိပ္ပါယ်လဲ….. ဒါတွေက ရခိုင် ကိစ္စမကျေနပ်လို့ နီးစပ်ရာမဆိုင်တဲ့ မွတ်ဆလင်တွေကို လူထုပြသနာရှာမှာစိုးလို့ ဖြေရှင်းလိုက်တဲ့ သဘောပါဘဲ။ လူထုဒေါသကနေ အဓိကရုန်းဖက်မရောက်အောင် လမ်းကြောင်းလွဲလိုက်တဲ့သဘောပါ။ ဒီလိုလုပ်လို့ သူမအပေါ် ထောက်ခံမှု ကျဆင်းကုန်မယ် ပြည်သူတွေ အမြင်စောင်းကုန်မယ်ဆိုတာ သာမာန် လူတစ်ယောက်တောင် သိမှာပါ။ ဒါဆိုဘာလို့ ဒီလိုလုပ်လဲ? ရွေးစရာလမ်းမရှိတော့ ... တိုင်းပြည် ပဋိပက္ခဖြစ်မှာ၊ စစ်အာဏာရှင်လက်ထဲ ထပ်ပြီးကျရောက်သွားမှာကို စိုးရိမ်ပြီး ပြည်သူတွေ အပြစ်တင်ခံ၊ အတိုက်ခိုက်ခံပြီးတော့ကို ပြောခဲ့ဆိုခဲ့တာပါ။ ဒီလို ဒေါ်စု လမ်းကြောင်းလွဲတောင်မှ နောက်ဆက်တွဲ မိထ္ထီလာ၊ လားရှိုး အစရှိတဲ့ မြို့တွေမှာ ဘာသာရေး ပဋိပက္ခတွေ ဖြစ်လာပါသေးတယ်။ ဖြစ်လာတဲ့ ပဋိပက္ခတွေကလည်း နောက်ကြောင်းပြန်ချင်တဲ့ လူတစ်စုရဲ့ စနက်ပါတယ်ဆိုတာလည်း အားလုံးအသိဘဲ ဖြစ်ပါတယ်။ နောက် ဒေါ်စု ဘာပြောသွားလဲ….. တရားဥပဒေ စိုးမိုးမှုရှိရမယ်လို့ ပြောသွားတယ်။ ဒီကိစ္စမှာ တရားဥပဒေ စိုးမိုးမှုမရှိလို့ ဖြစ်တာ၊ ဘယ်သူမှားတယ် ဘယ်သူမှန်တယ် မပြောဘဲ အပြစ်ရှိရင် ရှိတဲ့ ဘင်္ဂလားဘဲ ဖြစ်ဖြစ် ရခိုင်ဘဲ ဖြစ်ဖြစ် ဥပဒေနဲ့ တိတိကျကျ အရေးယူဖို့ တိုက်တွန်းတာ။ ဒါဟာ ပြသနာရဲ့ တကယ့် main point ပါဘဲ။ အဲလိုမဟုတ်ဘဲ ဘက်တစ်ဘက်ကို နင်းပြီးဖြေရှင်းရင် မြန်မာပြည်လို လူမျိုးပေါင်းစုံနေထိုင်တဲ့ တိုင်းပြည်မှာ အဓိကရုန်းဖက်ကို ဦးတည်သွားစေနိုင်ပါတယ်။ အဲလိုဖြစ်လို့ နစ်နာရင် တိုင်းပြည်နဲ့ ပြည်သူတွေဘဲ နစ်နာမှာဖြစ်ပြီး အာဏာရှင်ဟောင်းတွေအတွက်တော့ စားပေါက်ရသွားမှာဘဲဖြစ်ပါတယ်။ နောက် အများစွပ်စွဲနေကြတဲ့ ဒေါ်စုက ဟိုဖက်ကိုလိုက်တယ်ဆိုတဲ့ ကိစ္စကို မမှန်ကြောင်း သူမ ဖြေရှင်းသွားတယ်။ “ကျွန်မ ရိုဟင်ဂျာကို မသိဘူး” ဆိုတဲ့ နိုင်ငံခြား အင်တာဗျူးမှာပါတဲ့ သူမရဲ့ ပါးနပ်တဲ့ အဖြေဟာ သူမရဲ့ ရပ်တည်ချက်ကို ဖော်ပြလိုက်တာပါဘဲ။ ဒါဟာ ရခိုင်မှာ စိမ့်ဝင်နေတဲ့ ဘင်္ဂလားနိုင်ငံသားတွေကို ရိုဟင်ဂျာလို့ မသတ်မှတ်ဘူးဆိုပြီး အတိအလင်းပြောသွားတာပါ။ အင်မတန် ရှင်းလွန်းအားကြီးပါတယ်။ နောက်တချက်ရှိတာ ဒေါ်စုဟာ ဗုဒ္ဓဘာသာအတွက် အန္တရယ်ဆိုရင် ဘာလို့ သီတဂူဆရာတော်လို ကမ္ဘာ့သာသနာပြု ဆရာတော်တွေ၊ အရှင်ဆန္ဒာဓိကလို အများကြည်ညိုရတဲ့ ဆရာတော်တွေ၊ ဒယ်အိုးဆရာတော်လို အမှန်ကို အမှန်အတိုင်းဟောရဲတဲ့ ဆရာတော်တွေက ဘာလို့ဒေါ်စုဘက်မှာ ရပ်တည်နေရတာလဲ။ ဒေါ်စု သမ္မတဖြစ်ရင် ကုလားတိုင်းပြည်ဖြစ်မယ်ဆိုရင် ဒီဆရာတော်တွေက ဘာလို့ ဒေါ်စုဘက်မှာ ရှိနေတာလဲ။ ဒါတချက်စဉ်းစားစရာပါ။ နောက်ပြီး ဒေါ်စုဟာ ဘာသာတရား ကိုင်းရှိုင်းသလို သူမကြောင့် နိုင်ငံတကာမှာ ဗုဒ္ဓဘာသာဝင်အမျိုးသမီးဆိုတာ ဒီလိုမျိုးဆိုပြီး ဂုဏ်တက်ရတာဘဲရှိပါတယ်။ ဒေါ်စုကြောင့် နိုင်ငံတကာမှာ ဗုဒ္ဓဘာသာ နာမည်ပျက်တာ မရှိဖူးပါဘူး။ သူမဟာ သံဃာတော်တွေကို မရိုက်ဘူး၊ ဝရမ်းပြေးအဖြစ် မဖမ်းဘူး၊ သေနတ်နဲ့ ပစ်ဖို့ အမိန့်မပေးဘူး၊ မီးလောင်ဗုံးတွေနဲ့ မပစ်ဘူး၊ ကျောင်းတွေ မသိမ်းဘူး၊ သိမ်တွေ မဖျက်ဘူး။ ဒီလိုမျိုးတောင်မှ သာသနာဖျက်မယ့်သူ၊ ဗုဒ္ဓဘာသာကို ဖျက်ဆီးမယ့်သူလို့စွပ်စွဲရင် ယုတ်တိရှိရဲ့လား…. သေချာစဉ်းစားကြည့်ရင် အဖြေ အရှင်းသားတွေ့ရမှာပါ။ ဒါမှ သဘောမပေါက်ဘူးဆိုရင် ဒေါ်စုရဲ့ သမိုင်းကို ပြန်ကြည့်ပါ။ လင်ယောကျင်္ား အင်္ဂလန်မှာ ရောဂါအခြေအနေဆိုးရွားပြီး ဆုံးခါနီးအချိန်တောင် မပြန်ဘဲနေတာ၊ ဖတဆိုး သား ၂ ယောက်ကို ပြန်မကြည့်အားဘဲ မြန်မာပြည်မှာ ဒီမိုကရေစီအရေး တိုက်ပွဲဝင်နေတာ၊ အသက်အန္တရယ် ခြိမ်းခြောက်ခံရတဲ့ ဒီပဲယင်းလို အရေးအခင်းမျိုးကြုံလည်း နောက်မဆုတ်ဘဲ ဒီမိုကရေစီရရေး မမှိတ်မသုံကြိုးစားတာ၊ နေအိမ်အကျယ်ချုပ်ခံရလည်း ဘယ်တော့မှ အလျော့မပေးတာစတဲ့ သမိုင်းတွေကို ဖြတ်သန်းလာခဲ့တာ ဘယ်သူ့အတွက်လဲ ?။ မြန်မာပြည်သူတွေ အတွက်လား တိုင်းတပါးသားတွေ အတွက်လား။ ပြောမှာပေါ့ အာဏာရချင်လို့၊ ငွေမက်လို့၊ တိုင်းပြည်ရဲ့ အကြီးဆုံးနေရာမှာနေပြီး စိတ်တိုင်းကျ ချယ်လှယ်ချင်လို့ဆိုပြီး။ ဒါဆို အဲ့ဒီ စွပ်စွဲချက်တွေ မှန်မမှန် တချက်ကြည့်ရအောင်။ သူမသာ တကယ် ငွေမက်ရင် မြန်မာပြည်က ထွက်ပြီး ကြိုက်တဲ့ နိုင်ငံကြီးမှာ သွားနေလို့ရတာပေါ့။ နိုင်ငံတိုင်းကလည်း သူမလို သြဇာတိက္ခမ ကြီးတဲ့ ခေါင်းဆောင်မျိုးကို ကြိုဆိုပြီးသားဘဲ။ ကမ႓ာ့ထိပ်တန်း အမေရိကန်နိုင်ငံကတောင် သူမလိုထက်မြတ်တဲ့လူကို နေရာပေးချင်နေတာ။ ငွေလိုချင်လား ပေးမှာဘဲ၊ အိမ်လိုချင်လား ပေးမှာဘဲ၊ ရာထူးလိုချင်လား လိုလိုလားလားနဲ့ကို ပေးအုံးမှာပါဘဲ။ ဘာလို့လဲဆိုတော့ သူတို့နိုင်ငံတွေဟာ လူတစ်ယောက်ရဲ့ တန်ဖိုး၊ ခေါင်းဆောင်တစ်ယောက်ရဲ့ တန်ဖိုးကို အတိအကျ နားလည်လို့ပါဘဲ။ ဒါဆို သူမ ဘာလို့ ဒီနိုင်ငံမှာ အနစ်နာခံနေတာလဲ။ ဇိမ်နဲ့နေ ဇိမ်နဲ့သွားလို့ရတဲ့ အခြေအနေမျိုးကို စိတ်မဝင်စားဘဲ ဆိုးရွားလှတဲ့စစ်အာဏာရှင် အောက်က ပြည်သူတွေနဲ့ ဒီမိုကရေစီရရေး ဘာလို့ ရုန်းကန်နေရတာလဲ။ ဒါကရှင်းနေပါပြီ။ သူမ ရာထူးကို မက်တာမဟုတ်ဘူး၊ ငွေကိုလည်း မက်တာမဟုတ်ဘူး။ သူမမက်တာ တိုင်းပြည် ဒီမိုကရေစီ လမ်းကြောင်းမှန်ပေါ်ရောက်ပြီး ပြည်သူပြည်သားအားလုံး တပ်မတော်ပါ မကျန် စည်းစည်းလုံးလုံး နေထိုင်ခွင့်ရတာကို မက်မောတာ။ ဒါကလည်း သူ့ဖခင် ဗိုလ်ချုပ်အောင်ဆန်းရဲ့ အိပ်မက်ကို အကောင်အထည်ဖော်ဖို့ ကြိုးစားတာပါဘဲ။ ဒေါ်စု ငယ်ငယ်လေးကတည်းက ဗိုလ်ချုပ်ဆုံးသွားလို့ ဖခင်နဲ့ သိပ်မနေလိုက်ရပေမယ့် ဖခင်ကျေးဇူးကို ဆပ်တဲ့အနေနဲ့ ဗိုလ်ချုပ်ရဲ့ မပြီးဆုံးသေးတဲ့ ဒီမိုကရေစီတိုင်းပြည် ထူထောင်နိုင်ရေးအိပ်မက်ကို တတ်နိုင်သလောက် အကောင်အထည်ဖော်ရင်း ကျေးဇူးဆပ်နေတာပါဘဲ။ ဒေါ်စု ကတပ်မတော်သားတွေကို တိုက်ခိုက်နေတာမဟုတ်ဘူး။ တပ်မတော်ကိုခုတုံးလုပ်အသုံးချပြီးတကိုယ်ကောင်းဆန်တဲ့ အာဏာရှင်စနစ်ကိုအပြီးတိုင်တိုက်ထုတ်နေတာ။ ဒီလောက်ဆိုရင် ဒေါ်စုအပေါ် တော်တော်လေး အမြင်ရှင်းလောက်ပြီ ထင်ပါတယ်။ မှိုင်းတိုက်ခံထားရတဲ့ သူတွေ၊ အထင်လွဲနေတဲ့ သူတွေလည်း ဒေါ်စုအပေါ် အမြင်မှန် ပြန်ရပါတော့ဗျာ။ ၂၀၁၅ ဆိုတဲ့ ခရီးကြမ်းအတွက် တကွဲတပြားဖြစ်မနေဘဲ စုစည်းမှုဖြင့် အာဏာရှင်ဆန်တဲ့ ခြေဥကို ပြင်ဆင်ပြီး ဒီမိုကရေစီ တိုင်းပြည်သစ်ဆီ‌ ‌ေလျှာက်လှမ်းကြပါစို့လို့ တိုက်တွန်းရင် ဒီစာကို ဒီမှာဘဲ နိဂုံးချုပ်ပါတယ်ခင်ဗျာ။ အားလုံး ကျန်းမာချမ်းသာကြပါစေ။ (Credit- Ryo Miyaichan )

The Trouble Maker in East and Southeast Asia Indo-Pacific Region

 

ကွန် မြူ နစ် တရုတ် စွာ ကျယ်ကျယ်လုပ် ကာ ပြဿနာ ရှာ ‌ေ နပုံများ။

A View from Indonesia - The Asan Forum

BIAS DIFFERENTIAL RELAY

 WHAT IS BIAS DIFFERENTIAL RELAYS

 

The term biased-differential or percentage differential is based on the fact that the operating threshold increases with the through current. Because of that, comparison of upstream and downstream currents in the same phases is not convenient for transformer differential protection.

Biased-differential protection is an older design of protection than high impedance circulating current. It is widely applied to two-winding transformers except those connected to the lower distribution voltages.

Until the advent of the high-impedance design, it was also applied to busbar protection, although the last few years have witnessed a

of biased-differential busbar protection schemes.

1. Basic principal

 The basic features and principles of operation are illustrated in Figure 1. The biased-differential relay consists of two windings, an operate winding with turns No and a restraints or bias, winding with turns Nb

 The relay compares the operating force due to the out of balance current I1-I2 arising from an in-zone fault with the restraint force due to the circulating current through the bias winding, arising from an external fault or load current.

For operation:

 

.https://electrical-engineering-portal.com/biased-differential-protection

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NEW EDUCATION POLICY

FiGYPPSLcE

 Dear Jon,

Thanks and best regards.

adam

Feb 2020

Jon Fernquest

Thanks. :)

11 days

Kalarminthar Saraka

Dear Jon Fernquest,

F Y I.

{{{{{ To Elizabeth Moore,
cc : Bob Hudson.

Dear Elizabeth,

I commented on your paper on Sampanaga and now would share the evidence which supports my point.

"At the close of Sitta's dynasty two sons of one Hastetdeva
Raja, of Kusambi, arrived at Champanagara (Sabènago) and commenced to reign, after
first changing the name of the town to Sampala. After this another (nameless) dynasty
appears to have followed and to have transferred the capital to the opposite bank of the
Irrawaddy at Kaungsin, and fourthly the country came under the sway of Asoka of
Pataliputra (Dhammathawka of the Burmese), when Sampenago was again made the
capital and was reckoned one of the 84,000 towns over which he governed, and in each of
which he is related to have built a pagoda, a tank, a well, and a rest-house for travellers.
The present Shwe-kyi-na pagoda, close to the ruins of old Sampenago, is believed to be
the one built by Asoka, but there are also three others in the neighbourhood which claim
the same origin, though that at Shwekyina is undoubtedly the most ancient and the most
important. The three in question are (1) that at Hakan on the right bank of the Irrawaddy,
nearly opposite Sampenago, and known as the Mya-zedi; (2) the Kaungtaung pagoda,
called the Shwe-zi-gôn pagoda; and (3) the Shwe-zedi at Bhamo. The reason of Asoka's
choosing Sampenago for one set of his pagodas, tanks, &c., is said to be that Buddha had
lived there in a former existence in the body of a crow.

{Ref: http://www.myanmar-law-library.org/IMG/pdf/shan_state_part_ii_volume_i.pdf} }}}}

Best regards.
adam khan

9 days

Jon Fernquest

thanks :) Jon

7 days

Kalarminthar Saraka

FYI

Burmese researcher Phone Tin Kyaw had already pointed out Luce's bias statement and Than Tun had acknowledge that Luce proposal "Bama Asda kyaukse ka" is false and fabrication.

https://www.facebook.com/%E1%80%98%E1%80%AF%E1%80%94%E1%80%B9%E1%80%B8%E1%80%90%E1%80%84%E1%80%B9%E1%80%B7%E1%80%B1%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B9-750429905026564/

6 days

Kalarminthar Saraka

Dear Jon Fernquest,


You have raised an interesting point from where I can put all the pieces together.You mentioned as follow in your "Crucible of War: Burma and the Ming in the Tai Frontier Zone (1382-1454)77"

{{{The toponym ‘Mong Mao’ has been mapped to physical territory in different ways. The broadest descriptions of
Mong Mao’s sphere of influence are found in Tai chronicles and include territory all the way up to India in the
west, Tibet in the north, Sipsongpanna, Chiang Rai, and Upper Burma in the south, and Dali in the East (Daniels,
2006, 29). The names of these far-flung states conjure up images of great territorial size, but each of these names is also associated with localities that have their own independent historical chronicles in which Mong Mao hardly
occupies a central position. }}}


As far as Burma's Shan is concern we have Sampanegara or Sampanagor which is the very civilization of Bama and Siam or Cham or Shan founded by Abhira-raj of ancient India.

The Champa Negatra's are all over Mainland Southeast Asia and South Asia.
You should read contemporary history of India , Kambuja and Vietnam, particularly Champa.

Yes I must stress that Champa is spread very widely where ancient Abhira, Saka , Pathir, Munda and Talainga's migrated and founded Champa Kingdoms all over.

Thanks and best regatrds.

adam khan

6 days

Kalarminthar Saraka

again we must learn the Indian system of administration, Raja's, Maharajas, and Raja-di-Rja so that you would understand why Ava and Nyaungyan Kings need to station at lower Burma. We would not know idf Burmese Kings also resided at Pegu in modern Malaysia's Johore State.

{{{Lieberman (66, 1980) notes that the "Burmese and allied peoples did not regard the simultaneous existence of
multiple royal capitals as a logical impossibility," and that the Burmese kings Anaukhpetlun (Nyaungyan) and Thalun (Ava) though their origins and main capitals were in in Upper Burma, "dwelt at Pegu for varying periods in
order to conciliate the Mon population of the south, to renew commerce, and…supervise military operations" (Lieberman, 1980, 66). Temporary shifts of residence were also common among Tai rulers of the pre-modern period
with instances to be found in the Tai chronicles that Scott collected in his Gazetteer of Upper Burma and the Shan
States (GUBSS, Hsipaw, v. 1, 219, 218, 222).}} refers.

Thanks and best regards

adam khan

6 days

Kalarminthar Saraka

Dear Jon,

Frankly and friendly we do not buy the fabrication and invention of Tai and Thai.

Syam or Siam or Shan or Sam or Sem is neitehtr Tai nor Thai.

Please stop following Dodd who is the Chief Liar.

5 days

Kalarminthar Saraka

Dear Jon,

For your reference.

https://www.persee.fr/doc/adh_0066-2062_1982_num_1982_1_1543

5 days

Kalarminthar Saraka

Dear Jon,

We hope that you could successfully trace the origin of the people, the culture, the languages, the scripts,(the alphabetic systems) and finally the history.

Let me stress again that all the valuable things come from modern India,Pakistan, Afganistan and Central Asia to modern Yunnan, Modern Bura and entire Mainland Southeast Asia and Maritime Southeast Asia not from Han China.

The word "tusi" is corruption of Thu-Gyi in Burmese Language.

Tusi (Chinese: 土司; pinyin: tǔsī; Wade–Giles: t'u3szu1; Manchu: ᠠᡳᠮᠠᠨ ᡳ ᡥᠠᡶᠠᠨ;[1] Vietnamese: Thổ ty), often translated as "headmen" or "chieftains", were hereditary tribal leaders recognized as imperial officials by the Yuan, Ming, and Qing dynasties of China, and the Lê and Nguyễn dynasties of Vietnam. They ruled certain ethnic minorities in southwest China and the Indochinese peninsula nominally on behalf of the central government. This arrangement is known as the Tusi System or the Native Chieftain System (Chinese: 土司制度; pinyin: Tǔsī Zhìdù). It should not to be confused with the Chinese tributary system or the Jimi system.

"Tusi" is merely a village headman who even cannot see and know who was / is his real boss, the King of Burma

Even ministers were no allowed to look at the the Burmese Kings.

The custom of imagination and exaggeration is bread and butter of the authors who wrote what you all the Chinese accounts.

Thanks and best regards.

adam khan

5 days

Kalarminthar Saraka

Dear Jon,

Tusi is transliterated from Burmese word "Thu-Gyi" (pronounce Tha-Gyi) which means Village headman.

A year after the Ming–Mong Mao Intervention of 1398, the tusi Si Lunfa died and a new generation of elites rose to power in Mong Mao. His son Si Xingfa, together with Dao Hun and Dao Cuan, conducted short lived raids on Ming territory before military retaliation by the Yunnan guard put a stop to that.[2] The territory of Mong Mao was partitioned into five new administrative divisions each with their own tusi. Thereafter Si Xingfa paid regular annual tribute to the Ming until he was removed from office in 1413 for failing to observe proper tribute ceremonies, and offended an imperial envoy. His brother Si Renfa succeeded him.[3]

In the following 20 years from 1413 to 1433 Mong Mao, Hsenwi, and the Kingdom of Ava regularly lodged complaints of incursions by neighboring states to the Ming. However no action was taken except to send imperial envoys to persuade them to cease encroachment on foreign territories.[4]

5 days

Kalarminthar Saraka

Dear Jon Fernquest,

I notice that most of the western scholars and Chinese ( both KMT and PRC) condemn us (Burman ) and Burmese Kings.

{{{ These scholars lift the Chinese history like Sakawpyan of Burman Pyu History.“A great whirlwind arose at that time and carried away a
winnowing-tray, and the woman whose tray it was ran after it crying ‘Nga Sagaw! Nga Sagaw!
(My winnowing-tray! My winnowing-tray)’. Thereupon the whole country was alarmed and said,
‘the Nga Sagaw war has come!’, and the people split into three divisions.” It has been suggested
that the ominous words “Nga Sagaw” may refer to an incursion by a tribe called Cakraw, or
Sagaw- possibly the Sgaw Karen. This chronicle also appears in two shorter versions, the 10
volume Yazawin Lat, and the single volume Yazawin Choke (Pe Maung Tin & Luce 1923: xiv, xv;
Tet Htoot 1961; Hla Pe 1985: 37-39; Luce 1985: 51). Bob Hudsonm(2004)}}}

We do not buy BS (bull shit) and CS (cow shit),
BS stands for British led scholars' bluffing and CS stands for Chinese account bluffing.

We know our history better than any outsiders.

So we must reciprocate .

Thanks and best regards.

adam khan

5 days

Kalarminthar Saraka

To All,

Honestly speaking, Whoever promote Tai and Thai and advocating that modern Bama came from modern China considered liar,

5 days

Kalarminthar Saraka

Dear Jon,

I trust that 5 European imperialist/colonialists killed many local tribal people in Southeast Asia, South Asia and Central Asia.

How many thousands of innocent peoples The French Invaders killed in Vietnam and Kambuja ( Cambodia).

The following is some extract from a French author.

{{{{ Emergence of a Leading Group:
A Case Study of the Inter-Ethnic Relationships in the Southern Shan State
Francois Robinne
MIEN, MRAMMA, BRAMMA, BURMA
The seven administrative Divisions of the so-called Union of Myanmar are situated along the Irrawaddy River, in the delta and along the Mergui archipelago. They are mostly occupied by the Buman as ethnic group, even if Mon and Karen minorities are also representative.}}}}

It is rude and outright interference and instigation in Burma's internal affairs.

If he does not know should not write at all. Karens are not minority. Their population is considerably large and they live all over the country, from Myitkyia, Kachin State to at the bottom tip, the cape of Emperor Barintnaung in Tanithari Division. They also live in Mandalay and Pagu Divisions in great number.

Therefore I would sincerely request all of you not to interfere in Bufrma's internal and ethnic affairs. If you love White and Red Chinese, just write their history. Stop writing our history, because you make more harm than good for the peoples and the country.

Thanks and best regards.

Adam khan (a) Raja Saraka

4 days

Kalarminthar Saraka

Dear Jon,

For your reference.


{{{{{ There were ports and harbours
all along the coast-line, such as Tamralipti,
Kaviri-pattanam, Bharukaccha and Surparaka; and it
was practicable to attain to any of them starting
from up the Ganges, not only from Campa (Bhagalpur)
but even from Benares. The Samudda-vanija Jataka (iv.
159) relates how a settlement of wood-workers,
failing to carry out the orders for which pre-payment
had been made, made a 'mighty ship' secretly, and
emigrated with their families, shipping down the
Ganges, by night, and so out to the sea, till they
reached a fertile island. The Mahajanaka Jataka (vi,
34) tells us that prince Mahajanaka set out for
Suvannabhumi from Campa. }}}}
Campa means Champa and also Siam and also SDampaneghara in Burma and Annam in Vietnam and Champa in Vietnam and Assam in Northeastern India.

Yalung river is also called Sampa or Tsampo or Brahmaputra River.


http://enlight.lib.ntu.edu.tw/FULLTEXT/JR-ENG/cha.htm

You know very well that Tibet is not Han Chinese territory.
Thanks and best regards.

Adam Khan

2 days

Kalarminthar Saraka

Dear Bob Hudson,

I reject your statement below as nonsense and absolutely wrong.(2004, p

{{{{ It is suggested that
the Indic chiefdoms declined in influence due to elements that to some extent were of their own
making, including siltation of agricultural areas, the adoption of a popular Buddhism which began
to eclipse the Hindu cults that had supported the authority of the leadership, and a relationship with
the expansionist state of Nanchao that was not entirely passive. Revision of the dating of the Pyu
centres will suggest that they did not simply crash in the early 9th century due to invasion, and it is
proposed that the “mystifying” gap that has been believed to exist between the “fall” of the Pyu
and the “rise” of Bagan is, like the very notions of “fall” and “rise”, a historiographical
construction. }}}}

Please stop.

G H Luce and Pe Maung Tin and any history scholars have no authority but I do have.Myh abncestors can be traced back to Ava era before Min Gyi Swa ( Sawke Tara Phara or Sawke Taraphya) the father of First Min Khaung )
I am descandant Min Raja of Wun Zin and will protect our history not to be looted and/or corrupted.

Trust that this message makes our position very clear .

Thank, you.

Best regards.

Adam Khan

1 day

Kalarminthar Saraka

Dear Bob Hudson,

You call India Chiefdom?

Are you sure thatg you really did /do not know Thek means Sakyan?

Most of the Burmese people especially Kachin, Chin, Bama, Sham or Siam and Rakhine shall the same clan namely Saka or Sakyan with Lord Gaotam Buddha.

{{{{ The story goes that the kings of Burma were descended from a migrating Indian chiefdom, the
“noble Sun dynasty of the Sakiyans”, the same line of descent as Buddha. They arrived to settle
at Tagaung around 850 BC, several centuries before the time of Buddha. Tagaung is a multiple walled site on the Ayeyarwady above Mandalay with an extensive archaeological record (page
144). The sons of the first king quarreled. One migrated west across the Arakan Yoma in 825
BC, founding the city of Dhanyawadi. After 33 kings had reigned, the Tagaung kingdom
collapsed due to incursions by the kingdom of Gandhara, in what is now Yunnan. Followers of
the last king, Binnaka, split into three divisions. One group founded “the nineteen Shan States
of the East”. The modern village of Binnaka, possibly named for this king (Win Maung 2001b),
sits in the shadow of the Shan hills at the southern end of the Samon Valley (Chart 1). The area
surrounding Binnaka has a continuous archaeological record going back to the late prehistoric
period, as will be shown in Chapter 4. Others from Tagaung migrated down the Ayeyarwady
and joined relatives who had moved there at the time of the migration to Arakan to rule three
local tribal groups, the Pyus, the Kanyans and the Theks. }}}}

I am surprised you dare to write above statement.

Ayeyarwady, refer Harvey, the River's name is Iravati.


Thanks and best regards.

Adam Khan

B

 Bama Asa bamour ( Bamaw ) Ka.

Messages sent to Bob Hudson 

Dear Bob Hudson,

Refer to your doctoral, PhD, Thesis (2004) page 24 , subtitle "Tagaung" I would argue as follow.

You wrote {After 33 kings had reigned, the Tagaung kingdom
collapsed due to incursions by the kingdom of Gandhara, in what is now Yunnan.}

Actually Gandhara is not modern Yunnan but Tibet.

Modern Yunnan was referred to as Panthay Pyi ( Pathir Country) . Refer Hmanan page 172 ( Three in One edition published by Sar-Thu-Gyi Sar Oat-tite ) in January 2008,

If you are Burmese Language Literate kindly refer page 172 Second column the first to 12th line.

The first and second line mentioned that Panthir or Pan-thay country is situated in the east of Pagan Kingdom.

The 11th 12th lines mentioned that Gandara or Ganda-la-rity or Gandara-raj ( the Kingdom of Gandara ) was situated in the North , Tibet now PRC occupied Tibet Autonomous region.

Generally I find your Thesis is very valuable and essence for the Burmese History.

Thank you very much.

Best regards.

adam khan

Dear Bob Hudson,

I found D G E Hall was very nice.

He can create what he wanted to believe what he wrote without any references and citation as below.

The Pyu were the earliest inhabitants of Burma of whom
records are extant. Inscriptions in their language using a South
Indian script have been found as far north as Halingyi in
Shwebo district, but mostly at old Prome. They show a
Vikrama dynasty ruling there at least from 673 to 718, which is
thought to have inaugurated the Burmese Era beginning in
March A.D. 638. There is mention of another dynasty with an
Indian name, the Varman line, ruling over a neighbouring and
rival city, but Old Prome is the only Pyu site so‘ far to be
excavated in that area. Outside its walls are three stupas of
archaic type, of which the Bawbawgyi, a cylinder of plastered
brick 150 feet high, with a hollow shaft in the centre,
crowned with a flattened cone, is the best-preserved. Of
particular interest are the small vaulted chapels, of brick
and arched in the style of the Pagan temples of which they
are prototypes.

I would not buy his stories. May be good to read but hard to believe.

That is why I mentioned that G H Luce, Pe Maung Tin, Thaw Kaung, Col Ba Shin, Khin Maung Nyunt, Than Tun and most of the British Servants can not be trusted.

Now some of the 21st Century scholars are following them to lobby Bama came from NanZhao or modern Yunnan.

Who can convince me ?

I can differentiate who are biased and who are not.

Thank you .

Best regards.

adam khan

Jul 3

Kalarminthar Saraka

Dear Bob Hudson,

In the following paragraph," Tircul" stands for " Ta-ri-cu-la " Trident inm Indianm Language


Chapter 1 will critically review the mythological and chronicle history, the framework within
which Burmese archaeologists and historians work, as well as the western histories, and summarise
and analyse the “received” history up to the Bagan period. In these narratives, an emphasis can be
detected among indigenous scholars on finding archaeological support for traditions of a Buddhist
presence in Burma that, according to folklore, goes back to the lifetime of the Buddha. The
western historians generally agree that Myanmar was home by the beginning of the first
millennium of the Christian era to disparate ethnic/territorial groups. Under the influence of Indian
culture, including literacy and religion, settlements developed in the central zone, enclosed by
brick walls and populated by iron-using agriculturalists known today (via Chinese references) as
the Pyu, but who probably called themselves Tircul. According to Chinese sources the Pyu
declined after they were attacked by Nanchao, in what is now the Chinese province of Yunnan, in
the early 9th century AD. As G. H. Luce saw it, their fellow Tibeto-Burman speakers, the Burmans,
then migrated westward from their agricultural base in the Kyaukse area to establish Bagan (Luce
1959a, 1959b, 1985). This explanation is not convincingly supported by the archaeological
evidence.

Pru or Ta-ri-cu-la is not the name of the race but Saka or Sakyan or Thet is.

I disagree with Luce who said Bama Asa Kyaukse Ka.

Thanks and best regards.

adam khan

Jul 3

Kalarminthar Saraka

Dear Bob Hudson,


This is Trisula = Tircul of Siam .


Intertwined divine weapons, the Chakra and the Trisula.


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emblem_of_Thailand

Thanks and best regards.

adam khan

Jul 3

Kalarminthar Saraka

Dear Bob Hudson,

I must stress that what you mean Chinese source basically is Chen Yi Sein and need to analyze very carefully.

There is no Tai or Thai ..They are Bai and Yi.

Bai and Yi in modern Yunnan which was called,"NanZhao" by Tang and Han ;
was very weak not strong enough to defense themselves .

We do not trust Luce because he entirely dependent on Chen Yi Sein who was Chinese.

Thanks and best regards.

adam khan

Jul 3

Kalarminthar Saraka

Dear Bob,

Thank you for your statement below. .

Quote {According to Chinese sources the Pyu
declined after they were attacked by Nanchao, in what is now the Chinese province of Yunnan, in
the early 9th century AD. As G. H. Luce saw it, their fellow Tibeto-Burman speakers, the Burmans,
then migrated westward from their agricultural base in the Kyaukse area to establish Bagan (Luce
1959a, 1959b, 1985). This explanation is not convincingly supported by the archaeological
evidence. Hudson 2004 p19} Unquote.

Pe Maung Tin, an ethnic Chinese and his brother-in-Law G H Luce were promoting Nanzhao ( Nan-Kyouk) Chinese migration theory which we considered rubbish.

Thanks and best regards.

adam khan

Jul 3

Kalarminthar Saraka

Dougald J. W. O’Reilly mentioned, ‘”pagan, with the hundreds of crumbling bricks stupasscatter over the landscape, among the most famous cultural sites of Southeast Asia. Less well known are the Great Cities of Pyu, or Tircul as they likely called themselves. (Reference: “Early Civilizations of Southeast Asia By Dougald J. W. O'Reilly”). The cities mentioned here are certainly Vishnu and Sri keshtra of ancient Pyu or Pru Kingdoms of modern Burma.
The name of Irrawaddy certainly came from the ancient Indian people called Tritsu of the Sindu Valley (Modern Puanjab) and the original name was Iravati or Purushani or Parushani.
{Author’s special note to Maung Sein Win –Pa-dee-gone, Joo and Or-pee-kyel, please explore more in Burma for educational and national purposes.}
It is also verified by Donald Alexander Mackenzie in his famous Book “Indian Myth and Legend” as below.
The Bharatas, and their priestly aristocracy of Tritsus,(probably Taw Seng Ko referred them as Tirtcul) the Vasisthas, appear to have joined the Kuru-Panchala confederacy about the time that the Brahmanas were being composed, and these were probably influenced by the ritualistic practices of the Vaisishthas. There are references of Agni of the Bharatas, and a goddess Bharati is mentioned in connection with the Saraswati river.
http://wunzinminraja.blogspot.com/2015/04/reconstruction-of-burma-golden-land.html

28 days

Kalarminthar Saraka

Dear Bob Hudson<

Your doctoral thesis (Hudson 2004) is the best among all the research works done on Burmese hiosdtory.

But I do not agree with you a certain points you repeat G H Luce & Pe Maung Tin and also Michae;l Aung Thwin particularly the claim of Bama came from modern Yunnan and Nanzhao was powerful

Burmese were only power in the region and Han was also very, very defeated several times when Han attack Burma.

Even now if Xi dare to declare war against Burma, he will see consequences.

https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/29116/1/10731211.pdf

28 days

Kalarminthar Saraka

The third feature that is of importance in Burma’s
relation with China, is that alone among the countries of
the East, large Chinese communities have not remained
distinct entities in Burma. One needs only to examine
and compare the position of the Chinese communities in
Malaya and Thailand, with that of the Chinese in Burma
to realize this fact. Possibly it is due to the ease
with which Burmese women of good class and families marry
Chinese, and of course the ease with which they, and
their offspring are accepted by Burmese society; SinoBurmese in the third generation do not generally speak
Chinese. There is no large scale sending of remittances
home to Chinese as elsewhere in Asia. These factors
have some significance in view of the Communist triumph
In Ohina today.(Maung Kyaw Thet 1950 )

26 days

Kalarminthar Saraka

Dear Bob Husdson,

Please stop lobbying the idea of Bama tribe came down from modern Yunnan.

Your comparison Carnelian tiger bead ( P109 refers)

Firstly all the technology and design of Carnelian bead came from Purushapura (modern Peshawar, Pakistan, formerly Mahabarat).

Secondly the Samon Carnelian tiger bead has distinct features which differ from that of modern Yunnan.

Thirdly modern Yunnan was ruled by Mariyan dynastic descendants and Tibetan people not Han of Northeastern regions.

Therefore your supports for GH Luce -Pe Maung Tin ( bro-in-laws pair ) and Michael and Maitri Aung Thwin ( like father like son pair) cannot be considered.

As long as you are not lobbyist for White Chinese and PRC Communist we are okay .

Now this is very sensitive issues which is at high political agenda. We do notg want PRC Communist in our countries, Burma, Bangladesh, Siam, Malaysia and Indonesia

Thanks and best regards

adam khan

21 days

Kalarminthar Saraka

Dear Bob Hudson,

We have to face reality, no fictions, no inventions and fabrications.

Tai and Thai are fabrications.

Pyu is not correct either.The following is from your 2004 PhD Thesis.

The appearance of the early urban “Pyu” system of walled central places during the early first
millennium AD seems to have involved a spread of agricultural and management skills and
population from the Samon.

Actually Pyu is derived from Purushapura and Puru may be tribal name, not the name of the race.

Abhir- Rajka came from the place call Purushapura. modern Pesahawa in Pakistan , formerly part of Mahabarat, along the River Perushani or Iravati ( modern River Ravi) , the kingdom of Abhira .

The evidences are as follow

1. Abhira
The Abhira tribe (Ahirs) or Abhira Kshatriyas were a people mentioned in ancient Indian epics and scriptures as early as the Vedas.[5] A historical people of the same name are mentioned in the Periplus of the Erythraean Sea.

Race is defined as “a category of humankind that shares certain distinctive physical traits.” The term ethnicities is more broadly defined as “large groups of people classed according to common racial, national, tribal, religious, linguistic, or cultural origin or background.” ... Ethnicities share a cultural background

Etymology
Etymologically, he who can cast terror on all sides is called an Abhira.[6] In San­skrit, A is a pre­fix to imply opposite of any word and bhīru(भीरु) means afraid.
(Ref https://wiki2.org/en/Abhira_tribe)

2.The Kurukshetra War (Sanskrit: कुरुक्षेत्र युद्ध ), also called the Mahabharata War, is a war described in the Indian epic poem The Mahābhārata (Sanskrit: महाभारत ). The conflict arose from a dynastic succession struggle between two groups of cousins, the Kauravas and Pandavas, for the throne of Hastinapura. It involved several ancient kingdoms participating as allies of the rival groups.

The historicity of the war remains subject to scholarly discussions.[1][2][3] It is possible that the Battle of the Ten Kings, mentioned in the Rigveda, may have formed the nucleus of the story of the Kurukshetra war, though it was greatly expanded and modified in the Mahabharata's account, making the Mahabharata's version of dubious historicity.[4] Attempts have been made to assign a historical date to the Kurukshetra War. Scholarly research suggests ca. 1000 BCE,[2] while popular tradition holds that the war marks the transition to Kali Yuga and thus dates it to 3102 BCE.[5]
(Ref: https://wiki2.org/en/Kurukshetra_War)

Thanks and best regards.

adam khan

10 days

Kalarminthar Saraka

To Elizabeth Moore,
cc : Bob Hudson.

Dear Elizabeth,

I commented on your paper on Sampanaga and now would share the evidence which supports my point.

"At the close of Sitta's dynasty two sons of one Hastetdeva
Raja, of Kusambi, arrived at Champanagara (Sabènago) and commenced to reign, after
first changing the name of the town to Sampala. After this another (nameless) dynasty
appears to have followed and to have transferred the capital to the opposite bank of the
Irrawaddy at Kaungsin, and fourthly the country came under the sway of Asoka of
Pataliputra (Dhammathawka of the Burmese), when Sampenago was again made the
capital and was reckoned one of the 84,000 towns over which he governed, and in each of
which he is related to have built a pagoda, a tank, a well, and a rest-house for travellers.
The present Shwe-kyi-na pagoda, close to the ruins of old Sampenago, is believed to be
the one built by Asoka, but there are also three others in the neighbourhood which claim
the same origin, though that at Shwekyina is undoubtedly the most ancient and the most
important. The three in question are (1) that at Hakan on the right bank of the Irrawaddy,
nearly opposite Sampenago, and known as the Mya-zedi; (2) the Kaungtaung pagoda,
called the Shwe-zi-gôn pagoda; and (3) the Shwe-zedi at Bhamo. The reason of Asoka's
choosing Sampenago for one set of his pagodas, tanks, &c., is said to be that Buddha had
lived there in a former existence in the body of a crow.

{Ref: http://www.myanmar-law-library.org/IMG/pdf/shan_state_part_ii_volume_i.pdf}

Best regards.

adam khan

8 days

Kalarminthar Saraka

Dear Bob,

Refer to p 24 of your PhD Thesis (2004) which states as below .

{The story goes that the kings of Burma were descended from a migrating Indian chiefdom, the
“noble Sun dynasty of the Sakiyans”, the same line of descent as Buddha. They arrived to settle
at Tagaung around 850 BC, several centuries before the time of Buddha. Tagaung is a multiple walled site on the Ayeyarwady above Mandalay with an extensive archaeological record (page
144). The sons of the first king quarrelled. One migrated west across the Arakan Yoma in 825
BC, founding the city of Dhanyawadi. After 33 kings had reigned, the Tagaung kingdom
collapsed due to incursions by the kingdom of Gandhara, in what is now Yunnan.}

My interpretation of the historiography is , as far as Gandhara is concern which cannot be Chinese though the would be Bama or Burman came into Tagaung region from the region now called ( modern ) Yunnan; they were the same people, I mean the Abhira tribe of Gandhara ( modern Afghanistan, Pakistan and India triangle.

Thus far we Burmese , Bama and all ethnic races are not the kin of Han or Tai Chinese and we are not Pouk-Faw or relatives to these expansionists.

Trust that this message make very clear for all Burma Researchers.

Best regards.

adam khan

7 days

Kalarminthar Saraka

FYI

Burmese researcher Phone Tin Kyaw had already pointed out Luce's bias statement and Than Tun had acknowledge that Luce proposal "Bama Asda kyaukse ka" is false and fabrication.

https://www.facebook.com/%E1%80%98%E1%80%AF%E1%80%94%E1%80%B9%E1%80%B8%E1%80%90%E1%80%84%E1%80%B9%E1%80%B7%E1%80%B1%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B9-750429905026564/

5 days

Kalarminthar Saraka left a reason for downloading The origins of Bagan: new dates and old inhabitants

Dear Bob Hudson,
Thanks and best regards.

adam khan

Just now

Kalarminthar Saraka

Dear Bob Hudson,

We have evidences to confirmed that Northern region of modern Burma and Southwestern region of modern Yunnan are Mauryan countries which mean Indian.

Refer Phayers' repport below.

About this time, Goadama Buddha being still alive, a second band of immigrant Kshatriyas from Gangetic India arrived, led by Daza Raja. They settled at Mauriya, east of the Irawadi, near a village now called Mwe-yen. The Raja, afterwards moved to Male, married Queen Nagahsin, and they then went north and built a city close to the ancient capital Tagaung, now known as Old Pugan. In the Burmese chronicle no mention is made of the invaders from the east interfering to prevent this settlement, and the ancient capital not long after was again occupied. Sixteen kings succeeded this founder of the second dynasty. The last of them, Thado Maha Raja, having no son, the queen's brother was appointed Ainshemeng, and declared to be heir to the throne. The king was dethroned by invaders, but whether by the descendants of the former conquerors, or by others from the eastward, is not stated. {Phayhre (1883:pp 9-10)}

Just stop hypothesizing, advocating and lobbying for Tai Chinese and Han Chinese who are just invaders and expansionists.

Now I am very pleased to prove you and all Tai promoters are wrong.

Thanks and best regards.

Adam Khan (aka) Raja Saraka