Critical feedback sent to Dr Elizabeth Howard Moore (3)

Dear Elizabeth Moore, Thanks for your interest in ancient Burma. Regarding carnelian beads I must stress and argue even those in present Yunnan, ancient part of Maurian Empire , came from Taxila, present Pakistan. Please refer History of Humanity: From the seventh century B.C. to the seventh century A.D. edited by Sigfried J. de Laet, Joachim Herrmann https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=WGUz01yBumEC&pg=PA413&lpg=PA413&dq=Similarity+of+Burmese+Drums+and+Pakistanese+Drums&source=bl&ots=foHtFzAGza&sig=ACfU3U1iK0OMC2tQCczaO6SFuxOO8xH6fg&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj5hZjg4v3pAhVPeH0KHdqHDoQQ6AEwDXoECA8QAQ#v=onepage&q=Similarity%20of%20Burmese%20Drums%20and%20Pakistanese%20Drums&f=false For your easy reference I type some extract from it as follow. Quote {{{IMPORTED ARTEFACTS FROM CHINA, INDIA AND FURTHER WEST Between 300 BC and 300 AD the country of present Myanmar, endowed with a long coastline and numerous early ports, as well as the Irrawaddy and Salween rivers descending from present day Yunnan in southern China, received artistic influences from western and Central Asia, including India and China proper. The discovery of round striped beads, acid-etched agate and carnelion beads at ancient sites, such as Sriksetra near present Prome, Beikthano near present Taungdwingyi and Halin north of Mandalay, provides evidence of early contacts between ancient Myanmar and western and South Asia, in particular the province of Sindh and the Taxila area near Rawalpindi, in present Pakistan ( ancient Mahabarat ) and beyond to eastern Iran and even the Meditarranian. The analysis of the design on the round striped bead found at Mingmaw suggests association with Taxila, where a bead with the same decoration was found in the Bhir Mound, dated back to the third century BC. As mentioned earlier, these Taxila beads had also managed to reach the Indonesian and Philippine islands. At Sriksetra a wide variety of animal and bird beads were present, for example elephant, lion, tortoise, frog, falcon and a scarab. Artefacts of this types may be seen in the material used in the beads from Sriksetra and that in Taxila and Peshawar suggests that the beads originate workshop in that area. The tortoise beads at Taxila, which are identical with those reported from Sriksetra, are dated back to the first century BC. Such contact between Myanmar and Taxila is also mentioned in the legendary so-called Glass Palace Chronicle of Mandalay, where there is a passage according to which a certain king Bennda(ka) of Sriksetra, said to have reigned from AD 39 to 51 , would have gone to study in Taxila and ‘was deeply versed in medicine, charma and the Vedas’. Although this passage is probably based on Jataka literature, which attributes to some kings in Magadha (Bihar, India) similar contacts with taxila, there is just a possibility that there was a tradition of such relations between the Pyu of Sriksetra and far-away Taxila.}}}} pp413-4 refers. Thanks and best regards. Adam Khan Jun 2020 Adam Khan Re: Carnelian beads in Burma and modern Yunnan. As I have made reservation for argument. Modern Yunnan received these through Burma and the source of Carnelian beads is India. Quote { Apart from the Indic beads arriving at Southeast Asian sites through maritime conduits, there is all likelihood that beads and other material from the Gangetic zone may have been moved through land routes in the Indian northeast into Myanmar and thence to Southeast Asia. Glass- and metal-based goods excavated from Iron Age graves in central Myanmar by a French archaeological mission indicate operation of exchange networks with the Gangetic Valley as early as the mid-first millennium bc (Dussubieux and Pryce 2016, 598–614). Etched white and black agate beads, similar to BDTP finds, have been excavated in 8th–5th centuries bc burial contexts near Mandalay in northern Myanmar (Glover and Bellina 2001, 205–206). These etched bead consignments, of likely Indic provenance, could have been moved further into southern China or taken south along the Irrawaddy River and through the Three Pagodas Pass into central Thailand (Figure 5, also Figure 7). The Iron Age site of BDTP, where Indic stone beads have been found in 4th-century bc contexts, lies not far from the Three Pagodas Pass. Carnelian barrel-shaped, tubular, and etched carnelian beads similar to Indian types have been recovered from the famous burial sites of Shizaishan (Yunnan, southern China) dating to the late centuries bc (Figures 7 and 8). I have discussed elsewhere the existence of a “Cowrie Trail,” a combination of sea and land routes connecting the Malabar–Maldives maritime area to the Bengal coast and thence onward to the Brahmaputra/Assam Valley, through the Indian northeast into Myanmar and southern China (Figures 9 and 10; Gupta 2006, 90–107). Historically, the indication of such a route comes from the passages of the Periplus Maris Erythraei (henceforth PME), the Greek sea guide of the first century ad, which informs of large quantities of malabathrum acquired from the tribes of “Thinae” (a place somewhere in the vicinity of the Indian northeast) and brought down to the Gangetic harbors on the Bay of Bengal and then shipped out to the Malabar coast for sale to western merchants. Archaeologically, the Cowrie Trail is indicated by the discovery of hundreds of Indian Ocean cowrie shells, together with Pacific Ocean cowries, in the famous decorated bronze containers at Shizaishan (Yunnan, southern China) dating to the late centuries bc (Pirazzoli-t’Serstevens 1990, 45–52). Interestingly, the best Indian Ocean cowries are found in sea beds off the Maldives Islands, in proximity of the great harbor of Muziris on the Malabar coast, from where the export of malabathrum was second only to pepper according to the PME (PME 63–65; Casson 1989). Imitation cowries of clay (dated to 1st century bc) have been found at the Han Period site on Jinsuo Island in the Er Hai Lake of western Yunnan, close to the border with Myanmar and in proximity of northeast India (Figure 11; Gupta 2006, 101–103). Apart from cowries, Indo-Pacific beads were sent deep into the Indian northeast through this trail. This is evident from the hundreds of Indo-Pacific beads (circular and tubular) excavated at the Early Historic site of Sekta in the Manipur Valley in the Indian northeast (Sharma 1994, 72–74). Sekta, which flourished between 200 bc and 600 ad, is located at a crucial crossroads of the traditional land routes penetrating into Myanmar and southern China (Sharma 1994; Gupta 2006, 90–107; Figure 9). The Indo-Pacific beads at Sekta are exactly the same as those produced at Arikamedu. https://www.oxfordhandbooks.com/view/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199935413.001.0001/oxfordhb-9780199935413-e-46 } Unquote Thanks and best regards. adam khan Jul 2020 Adam Khan https://www.vifindia.org/sites/default/files/145639880-Ancient-Indian-Colonies-in-the-Far-East-1937.pdf Jul 2020 Adam Khan left a reason for downloading Traditional Design in an Ancient Village of Tanintharyi Nakhara Dear Elizabeth Moore, Thanks and best regards. adam Jul 2020 Adam Khan left a reason for downloading MEN ON HORSES AND TEA-EATING: Pyu peoples Dear Elizabeth Moore, Thanks for your contributions. I will send my comments soon, later. For your information I have found evidences as follow. 1. Bennaka or Bendaka is Indian, not Chinese. 2. Modern Yunnan in the first Million AD was ruled by the Mauroyan kings , the descendants of Emperor Asoka. 3. There were no Mon's around Kyaukse earlier around the early first Million AD .The Mon's were living from Yamethin and down to lower Burma to Pagoh and Sathorn ( Tha-Hton) . The Bamar not come from Yunnan or Han China. Best regards. adam khan Jul 2020 Adam Khan Dear Elizabeth Moore, Refer the follow link on google and you would know how PRC China, PRC Chinese and Chinese around the world are so interested in Burmese History because they want to claim Bamar is Chinese. But then, based on archaeology and anthropology, Bamar could be forefathers of Han Chinese not other way around. Thanks and best regards. adam khan Jul 2020 Adam Khan https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=H3lUIIYxWkEC&pg=PA43&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=true Aug 2020 Adam Khan Dear Elizabeth Moore, We must not ignore the basic Chinese custom which is they use their own language and writing system since very, very early state of Chinese civilization. If the Bamar came from China, they should have used Chinese writing system not Brahmi. Therefore you are wrong to interpret the artifacts and wrote that Bamar race came from modern Yunnan, China. In actual fact modern Yunnan was ruled by the Mauriyan Dynastics Sawbwas or governors. Now the modern Yunnan might be populated by the han Chinese due to Communist Leader Mao's cultural revolution, the ancient past reveals otherwise. Dr Upinder Singh has mentioned in her work "A History of Ancient and early Medieval" as below Quote {{{The modern north Indian scripts gradually emerged out of Siddhamatrika Nagari or Devannagari was standardized by about 1000 CE and an eastern script (known as proto-Bengali or Gaudi ) took shape between the 10th and 14th centuries. From here, it was a short step to the emergence of the Bengali, Assamese, Oriya, and Maithili scripts in the 14th-15th centuries. This is also the time when the Sharada script emerged in Kashmir and adjoining areas.}}} unquote. https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=H3lUIIYxWkEC&pg=PA43&redir_esc=y&fbclid=IwAR1jAzF_E3dWj6pc8aGjvVWuH_lOmhyLxQsRiHKGocVZI7F6tCiDIGCFJPk#v=onepage&q&f=true You certainly know that Burmese and all neighbouring smaller Southeast Asian, mainland and maritime , countries was Indians never ever Chinese. Trust that you would not invent new hypothesis. Thanks and best regards. Adam Khan Meng Au (a) Raja Saraka Aug 2020 Adam Khan Dear Elizabeth Moore, In addition, the Chinese use papers for writings and we Indians and Bumar's use palm leaves to write. I am a Muslim but maintain our Burman tradition of making 'Zata' which is about the birth and related astrological matters on the Palm leaves. Why Bamar's do not use paper and Chinese scripts of characters to write ? Bamar, Khemar, Siam's, Malay, Indonesians, Malays in the Philippines and Vietnam are of Indian origin not the Chinese. Thus far your proposal is not acceptable. Thanks and best regards. Adam Khan Meng Au (a) Raja Saraka Aug 2020 Adam Khan left a reason for downloading MEN ON HORSES AND TEA-EATING: Pyu peoples Dear Elizabeth, Congratulations! You are now adding Burmese text into your work. I would encourage you to continue and master my native Burmese language. The alphabets are called Brahmi. Since there is Tamil Brahmi which is about 95% same in the writing and grammar system and vowels such as a, ar , ai, aii, u, uu, e , e' Our Southeast Asian ( mainland and maritime SEA languages) are driven from Indian ( Hindustan ) languages, talugu , Malayalee , Oriya and Sri lankan , Khmer , Viet Cham ( Viet Sam ) and Yodaya (Siam ) scripts are 90 to 95% same. Please do not write that Bamar came from China. ordinary Burmese ( the entire 135 ethnic races ) do not like expansionist Chinese. Now your reputation is at the stake. Kindly stop . Our forefathers did not come from China and we have no blood relationship with Han Chinese and Tai Chinese . Best regards. Adam Khan ( a ) Raja Saraka